The font scaling for headings is configurable in style scheme (or “color scheme”) files. By default the feature is disabled: see the default style schemes here.
For example tango.xml has a comment: “Heading styles, uncomment to enable”.
The style scheme file format is currently documented here (search for “scale”).
Not all languages support this feature, it depends if the *.lang file has defined heading styles. For example at the top of html.lang, you can see that it has styles for “def:heading”.
It’s a bit a hidden feature, and it should be better documented. Ideally this should be made configurable through the GUI.