I think I’ve sorted it out, though I have not yet attempted to use the created pixbuf. The solution is a bit verbose. The functions to use after gtk_icon_theme_lookup_icon()
are in the following order:
gtk_icon_paintable_get_file()
g_file_get_path()
gdk_pixbuf_new_from_file()
gdk_pixbuf_scale_simple()
That should do for getting the same pixbuf as I had with GTK3. I’ll mark this posting as solution after a successful test with a GtkTreeView (edit: done).